1542-1587 queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567; as a Catholic she was forced to abdicate in favour of her son and fled to England where she was imprisoned by Elizabeth I; when Catholic supporters plotted to put her on the English throne she was tried and executed for sedition
(1806-73) a British PHILOSOPHER and economist who influenced modern ideas about politics and economics. He helped to develop the idea of UTILITARIANISM (= the principle that actions are good if they generally bring happiness, and bad if they do not), and in his book On Liberty, he said that people should be free to do what they want so long as they did not harm other people.